The mosque was rebuilt by the Fatimid caliph al-Zahir (r. However, it was again destroyed during the 1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake. It was further expanded upon in 780 by the Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi, after which it consisted of fifteen aisles and a central dome. After being destroyed in an earthquake in 746, the mosque was rebuilt in 758 by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur. The present-day mosque, located on the south wall of the compound, was originally built by the fifth Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ( r. 685–705) or his successor al-Walid I ( r. 705–715) (or both) as a congregational mosque on the same axis as the Dome of the Rock, a commemorative Islamic monument. ĭuring the rule of the Rashidun caliph Umar ( r. 634–644) or the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I ( r. 661–680), a small prayer house on the compound was erected near the mosque's site. The wider compound is known as Al-Aqsa or the Al-Aqsa mosque compound, also known as al-Ḥaram al-Sharīf ( Arabic: الحرم الشريف, lit. In some sources the building is also named al-Masjid al-Aqṣā, but this name primarily applies to the whole compound in which the building sits, which is itself also known as "Al-Aqsa Mosque". The Al-Aqsa Mosque ( Arabic: جامع الأقصى, romanized: Jāmiʿ al-Aqṣā, lit.' congregational mosque of Al-Aqsa'), also known as the Qibli Mosque or Qibli Chapel ( Arabic: المصلى القبلي, romanized: al-muṣallā al-qiblī, lit.'prayer hall of the qibla (south)'), is the main congregational mosque or prayer hall in the Al-Aqsa mosque compound in the Old City of Jerusalem. Limestone (external walls, façade), lead and concrete (dome), white marble (interior columns) and mosaic
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